庐山，走向世界  
   
  庐山拥有两块耀眼的“世界金牌”：世界文化景观，世界地质公园。  
  庐山位于江西省北部，北濒长江，南临鄱阳湖，以“雄、奇、险、秀”驰名，素有“匡庐奇秀甲天下”之美称。  
  庐山风景名胜区管理局辖46.6平方公里，主峰大汉阳峰，海拔１４７４米。浓厚的文化底蕴、奇特的地质地貌、变幻的自然气候现象、丰富的生态资源，构成了庐山旅游的特色，形成了“春山如梦、夏山如滴、秋山如醉、冬山如玉”之美景。宋代诗人苏轼曾发出“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”的感慨。  
  庐山具有山地气候特征，降水丰沛，夏季凉爽。年平均雾日１９１天，每年７月—９月平均气温１６．９度，良好的气候条件和优美的自然环境，使庐山在十九世纪末就成为世界著名的避暑胜地。  
  庐山是一座风景名山、文化名山、教育名山、宗教名山、政治名山。  
  自然景观：山峰耸峙，悬崖峭壁，奇石异洞，深峡邃谷，飞瀑流泉，奔云走物，奇险秀幻，奇特多姿。“高山出平湖”，山上有芦林、如琴、莲花三大人工湖。庐山气象万千，有云海、鄱湖烟雨、庐山烟云、雾淞、佛光、天池佛灯海市蜃楼等景观。  
  人文景观：庐山的历史文化源远流长，庐山是中国田园诗的诞生地、中国山水诗的策源地、中国山水画的发祥地。自晋代以来，李白、白居易、苏轼、王安石等１５００多位文人墨客留下４０００多首赞美庐山的诗词歌赋和９００多处摩崖石刻，碑刻３００余块。庐山白鹿书院的教规至今在国内外有着深远影响。２０世纪２０年代庐山成为了国民政府的“夏都”。蒋介石曾２０余次上庐山，美国总统特使马歇尔八上庐山。１９３７年，中国共产党在庐山促成了国共两党合作抗日。中华人民共和国成立后，毛泽东三次登上庐山，主持召开了世人瞩目的党的三次重要会议。自古至今，有关庐山各种文化、自然、地质、气象的专著有２００多种，收入四库全书的有１２种。全山有国家级文物保护单位两处９点，省级文物保护单位９处。  
  动植物丰富：庐山有丰富的动物资源。兽类３３种，鸟类１７１种；昆虫２０００余种，以庐山（牯岭）命名或在庐山首次发现的昆虫３３种；国家一级保护动物９种，二级保护动物２１种。庐山森林茂密，植被丰富，森林覆盖率７６．６％以上，植被覆盖率达９０％以上。植物３０００余种，其中野生植物２１５５种，首次在庐山发现或庐山（牯岭）命名的植物４０种。有国家一级保护植物５种，二级保护植物３６种。植物学家胡先骕在庐山建立了中国第一座正规的高山植物园——庐山植物园。  
  地质公园：庐山是座独特的地垒式断块山，出露明显，展现出地壳演化的主要过程。以庐山地名命名的岩石、地层有７种。丰富的地质地貌，使庐山成了一座天然的地质博物馆。上世纪三十年代，地质学家李四光在庐山发现中国第四纪冰川遗迹，创立了中国第四纪冰川学说。  
  宗教名山：公元四世纪，高僧慧远在庐山东林寺首创观像念佛的净土法门。从公元四世纪至十三世纪，庐山宗教兴盛，寺庙、道观一度多至５００处。１９２４年，世界佛教联合大会在庐山召开。本世纪初，２０多个国家的基督教教会汇集庐山。至今，庐山仍有佛教、道教的寺庙、首观多所，有伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教等教派的教堂多座。  
  教育名山：中国古代四大书院之首——庐山白鹿洞书院就建在庐山。南宋著名理学家和教育家朱熹曾在这里讲学，称赞这里“无市井之喧，有山泉之胜”。  
  庐山是部厚厚的书，她要让世界来欣读；  
  庐山有着猜不完的谜，她要让世界来参猜；  
  庐山是幅作不完的画，她要让世界来赏阅……  
  

Lushan Mountain, World Scenic Location

Lushan, a beautiful mountain in China, boasts two “world gold medals”: World Cultural Landscape and Global Geological Park.

Located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province, China, Lushan faces the Yangtze River to the north and is bordered on the south with the largest fresh water lake in China, Poyang Lake. It is known to the world for its grandeur, strange, perilous and beautiful scenery as it has been praised as “the most beautiful place under heaven.”

The area under Lushan Administrative Bureau is 46.6 square kilometers. The Great Hanyang Peak, the highest peak of the mountain, rises 1,474 meters above sea level. As a famous tourism spot, Lushan Mountain is especially famous for its rich cultural ethos, unique geological structure, varied natural climate, and rich ecological resources, all of which make colorful seasons paintings of Lushan: a misty land in spring, a rain drop in summer, an intoxicated crimson in autumn and a white jade in winter. Su Shi, the famous poet in the Song dynasty, when visiting Lushan, once wrote, “How could one tell what Lushan Mountain really looks like when one is in the midst of the mountain all along? ”

With rich precipitation and pleasantly cool summer, Lushan Mountain possesses typical characteristics of the mountain climate. It has an average misty weather of 191 days per year, and an average temperature of 16.9 Celsius degrees between July and September.  Excellent weather and marvelous natural environment make the Mountain a world-known summer resort since the last years of 19^th century.

Lushan is famous for its landscape, culture, education, religion and politics.

Natural landscapes: Towering peaks, steep cliffs, deep valleys and caves, strange rocks tell tourists the level of precipitation on Lushan; flying waterfalls, dashing streams, and running animals on the earth as well as moving clouds in the sky express its indefinable charming landscape. There are three man-made lakes on the mountain, Lulin, Ruqing and Lianhua. Caused by the varied climate, the tourists may also see rare scenes of “Sea of Clouds”, “Misty Rains cover Poyang Lake”, “Misty Clouds around Lushan”, “Rime”, “Buddha’s Halo”, “Buddha’s Lamp in Tianchi Lake” and “Mirage”.

Sights of human interest: Lushan has a long historical culture. It is the birthplace of Chinese scenic and pastoral poetry and landscape paintings. Since Jin dynasty, more than fifteen hundreds cultural peoples, including the famous poets of Li Po, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, and Wang Anshi have visited the Lushan Mountain and written over four thousands poems, nine hundreds cliff cuttings and three hundreds inscriptions to praise its beauty. The ancient canon of the Bailudong (the White Deer Cave) Academy of Lushan still maintains great significance both at home and abroad. In the 1920’s, it had temporally become the “Summer Cipital” of Kuomintang government whose leader, Chiang Kai-shek, visited it over twenty times. Marshall, the special envoy of American president then, also visited it eight times. In 1937, Chinese Communist Party made a successful effort in bringing the two parties into cooperation in the anti-Japanese war. After the foundation of PRC, Mao Zedong climbed Lushan three times, presiding over three significant Conferences of the Central Committee of the CPC. Up to now there are over two hundreds books on Lushan’s culture, nature, geology and meteorology, twelve of which have been collected into the book named “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature” (compiled in 1772-1782 at the order of Emperor Qianlong). In the mountain, there are two national and nine provincial preservation units of cultural relics.

Abundant animals and plants: Lushan has numerous species, including 33 kinds of beasts, 171 birds, over 2000 insects in which 33 are named after the mountain or first discovered there. Nine species are listed in the first grade of national protection and 21 the second. Covered with dense forest, Lushan Mountain is also rich in botanical resources. It has forest coverage of 76.6% and vegetation coverage of over 90%. Among 3000 kinds of plants, there are 2155 of wild plants and 40 first discovered in Lushan or named after it. There are also 5 kinds of plants in first grade national protection and 36 in the second grade. Hu Xianxiao, an outstanding botanist, set up Lushan Botanical Garden on the mountain, the first formal botanical garden of higher plants in China.

Geological park: Lushan is a unique horst and fault-block mountain, displaying the primary process of crustal evolvement. There are 7 kinds of rocks and stratums named after the different place names of the Lushan Mountain. It is its various geological structures that make the mountain a natural geological museum. In the thirties of the twentieth century, the geologist Li Siguang constructed his Theory of the Fourth Glacial Epoch on his discovery of the traces of the fourth glacial epoch in Lushan Mountain.

Religion: In the fourth century, Monk Huiyuan first established the Jingtu (Pure Land) Sect in the Donglin Temple in the Lushan Mountain. During the fourth to thirteenth century, Lushan Mountain enjoyed a religious boom. The number of Buddhist and Taoist temples here once amounted to 500. In 1942, the International Conference of Buddhism Association was held in the mountain. Christian churches from over twenty countries also converged in the Lushan Mountain at the beginning of the twentieth century. Up to now, there still many Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, Christian churches and Islam Mosques on it.

Education: the Bailudong (the White Deer Cave) Academy which ranks the first of the four most famous ancient academies in China was established on the Lushan Mountain. Zhu Xi, the famous educator and scholar of Li School (a Confucian school of idealist philosophy) in the South Song Dynasty, has delivered lectures in the academy, praising it “a beautiful retreat without any noise from secular street.”

Lushan is a thick book for the whole world to read!

A mystery riddle to answer!

An uncompleted painting to appreciate!

网站制作：外国语学院计算机辅助外语教研室(CALL-Lab)